Sepsis, sometimes called blood poisoning, can happen as a result of an infection or injury. Our immune systems normally fight infection, but sometimes the response can turn on the body's own organs and tissues.
Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition that can initially look like flu, gastroenteritis or a chest infection. The good news is that it can be treated if it is caught early — which is why knowing the signs matters so much.
How to spot sepsis in adults
Seek emergency medical help if you notice any of these symptoms:
- Slurred speech or confusion
- Extreme shivering or muscle pain
- Passing no urine in a day
- Severe breathlessness
- A feeling that you are going to die
- Skin that is mottled or discoloured
How to spot sepsis in children
If a child is unwell with any of the symptoms below, call 999 and ask: "Could it be sepsis?"
- Breathing very fast
- Has a fit or convulsion
- Looks mottled, bluish or pale
- Has a rash that does not fade when you press it
- Is very lethargic or difficult to wake
- Feels abnormally cold to touch
For children under five, other symptoms may include not feeding, vomiting repeatedly, or not passing urine for 12 hours.
Why it matters
Sepsis causes around 37,000 deaths a year in the UK. It usually develops from an infection and involves a dramatic reaction by the body's immune system. If it is not treated quickly it can lead to organ failure or death. Early symptoms can include a high temperature and a fast heartbeat.
Infection leading to sepsis can start anywhere in the body. It can follow chest or water infections, abdominal problems such as burst ulcers, or simple skin cuts and bites. Trust your instincts — if you feel that something is seriously wrong, don't wait.
If you or someone you care for shows the signs of sepsis, seek emergency help without delay.
